Diseases & Conditions A–Z

Chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to heart muscles. Treated at our Cardiology Centre.

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways in which the bronchial tubes become swollen and narrowed, making breathing difficult. It affects over 30 million people in India and is triggered by allergens (dust, pollen, pet dander), respiratory infections, exercise, air pollution, and cold air. Asthma is not curable, but it is highly controllable with the right treatment plan. Iswarya Hospital's Pulmonology department provides personalised asthma management including spirometry, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) testing, inhaler technique training, allergen avoidance counselling, and step-up biological therapy for severe refractory asthma.

Appendicitis is inflammation of the appendix — a small finger-shaped pouch attached to the large intestine — that requires prompt surgical removal. It is one of the most common surgical emergencies worldwide, most frequently affecting young adults. A perforated (ruptured) appendix is life-threatening and demands immediate intervention. Iswarya Hospital performs laparoscopic appendectomy — a minimally invasive procedure with 3 small incisions, significantly less pain, and same-day or next-day discharge. 24×7 emergency surgical and anaesthesia teams ensure rapid response.

Arthritis is not a single disease — it refers to over 100 conditions involving joint inflammation. The two most common types are osteoarthritis (OA), caused by cartilage wear-and-tear and most common after age 45, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks joint linings causing systemic inflammation. Early diagnosis and treatment significantly slow progression. Iswarya Hospital's Orthopedics department offers the full spectrum of arthritis management: medical therapy, physiotherapy, intra-articular steroid and hyaluronic acid injections, and robotic-assisted joint replacement surgery when conservative management fails.

Irregular heart rhythm that can increase stroke risk.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide, accounting for 1 in 4 female cancer diagnoses. In India, it surpassed cervical cancer as the leading female cancer in the last decade. When detected early (Stage I–II), 5-year survival rates exceed 90%. Iswarya Hospital's multidisciplinary Cancer Centre offers breast-conserving surgery (lumpectomy), mastectomy with reconstruction, sentinel lymph node biopsy, targeted HER2 therapy, hormonal therapy, and LINAC-based IGRT radiation. A dedicated tumour board reviews every case to determine the optimal treatment protocol.

Abnormal growth of cells in the brain, managed by our Neurosurgery team.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive, long-term condition in which the kidneys gradually lose their ability to filter waste, balance electrolytes, and regulate blood pressure. CKD is classified in Stages 1–5, with Stage 5 (eGFR < 15 ml/min/1.73m²) being End-Stage Renal Disease requiring dialysis or kidney transplant. Diabetes and hypertension are the two leading causes. Iswarya Hospital's Nephrology department led by Dr. Muthu Kumar P. provides early detection through eGFR and urine ACR screening, disease-slowing interventions, haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and living donor and cadaveric kidney transplantation.

Cancer of the cervix, preventable with HPV vaccination and regular Pap smears.

Cancer of the colon or rectum, treatable when caught early.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease – progressive lung disease causing breathing difficulty.

Clouding of the eye's lens causing blurry vision, treated with phacoemulsification surgery.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease in which the body either does not produce enough insulin or does not use it effectively, resulting in persistently elevated blood glucose levels. India has the world's second-largest diabetic population. Long-term uncontrolled diabetes damages the kidneys (diabetic nephropathy), eyes (diabetic retinopathy), nerves (neuropathy), and cardiovascular system. Iswarya Hospital's Diabetology & Endocrinology department offers personalised diabetes management including HbA1c monitoring, insulin pump therapy, CGM (Continuous Glucose Monitoring) setup, dietary counselling, and comprehensive management of related conditions including hypothyroidism and PCOS.

A herniated disc (also called a slipped or ruptured disc) occurs when the soft inner nucleus of an intervertebral disc pushes through a crack in the tougher outer ring, pressing on nearby nerves. It most commonly affects the lumbar (lower back) and cervical (neck) spine. Most patients improve with physiotherapy, anti-inflammatories, and nerve blocks. When pain is severe or neurological deficits are present, minimally invasive microdiscectomy or endoscopic spine surgery is available at Iswarya Hospital's Spine Centre, with same-day or next-day discharge protocols.

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterised by recurrent, unprovoked seizures caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Over 70% of epilepsy patients achieve full seizure control with appropriate anti-epileptic medication. For medication-refractory epilepsy, surgical options — including resective surgery, vagus nerve stimulation, and responsive neurostimulation — offer the possibility of seizure freedom. Iswarya Hospital's Neurology department provides comprehensive epilepsy management including EEG, video-EEG telemetry, MRI epilepsy protocol, and neurosurgical evaluation for drug-resistant cases.

Uterine-like tissue grows outside the uterus causing pelvic pain.

Gallstones are hardened deposits of digestive fluid (bile) that form in the gallbladder. Cholesterol stones are most common, formed when bile contains too much cholesterol. Gallstones range from the size of a grain of sand to a golf ball. Small stones may be asymptomatic for years; larger stones or those blocking the bile duct cause intense upper abdominal pain (biliary colic), jaundice, or inflammation (cholecystitis). Iswarya Hospital performs laparoscopic cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal) — a day-care procedure with 3 small incisions, returning patients to normal activity within 5–7 days.

Group of eye conditions damaging the optic nerve, often due to high eye pressure.

A heart attack (myocardial infarction) occurs when a coronary artery is blocked by a blood clot, cutting off oxygen to heart muscle. Every minute of delay causes irreversible muscle death. Iswarya Hospital's 24×7 Digital Catheterisation Lab performs emergency primary PCI (angioplasty) with a door-to-balloon time under 60 minutes — a critical benchmark for saving heart muscle. NABH-accredited cardiac emergency team available round the clock. Call 044 2025 2025 immediately.

Heart cannot pump blood efficiently, managed through medication and cardiac rehab.

A hernia occurs when an organ or tissue pushes through a weak spot in the surrounding muscle or connective tissue. Common types include inguinal, umbilical, incisional and hiatal hernias. Laparoscopic and robotic-assisted hernia repair at Iswarya Hospital ensures faster recovery and minimal scarring.

Hypertension (high blood pressure) is a chronic condition in which the force of blood against artery walls is persistently elevated (≥130/80 mmHg). Often called the 'silent killer', it usually causes no symptoms until it triggers a heart attack, stroke, or kidney failure. It is the leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease globally. Iswarya Hospital's Cardiology department provides comprehensive hypertension management including ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), lifestyle counselling, medication optimisation, and screening for secondary causes such as renal artery stenosis or adrenal tumours. 24×7 cardiac emergency care available.

Underactive thyroid gland causing fatigue and weight gain.

Kidney stones (nephrolithiasis) are hard mineral and salt crystals that form inside the kidneys and can cause excruciating pain when they pass through the urinary tract. Stones smaller than 5 mm may pass naturally with fluids and medication. Larger or obstructing stones require intervention. Iswarya Hospital's Urology department offers RIRS (Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery) and PCNL (Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy) — minimally invasive laser procedures that eliminate stones with a single day's hospitalisation and rapid recovery.

Knee osteoarthritis is the progressive wear-and-tear of the cartilage that cushions the knee joint, leading to bone-on-bone contact, pain, stiffness, and loss of mobility. It is the most common cause of knee replacement surgery in adults over 50. Iswarya Hospital's Orthopaedics department offers robotic-assisted total and partial knee replacement surgery — providing superior accuracy of implant placement, faster recovery (walking within 24 hours), and a longer implant lifespan compared to conventional techniques. Conservative management including physiotherapy and hyaluronic acid injections is also available for early-stage cases.

Liver cirrhosis is the end stage of chronic liver disease, where repeated scarring (fibrosis) replaces healthy liver tissue, impairing the liver's ability to filter toxins, produce proteins, and support digestion. Common causes include chronic hepatitis B or C infection, alcoholic liver disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Compensated cirrhosis can be managed medically, but decompensated cirrhosis (with ascites, jaundice, or bleeding) often requires liver transplantation. Iswarya Hospital's Surgical Gastroenterology department, led by Prof. Dr. G. Manoharan, performs both living donor and cadaveric liver transplants with outcomes comparable to international standards.

Most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.

Recurring severe headaches often with nausea and light sensitivity.

Fluid-filled sac on the ovary, most resolve on their own, some require surgery.

Weakening of bones increasing fracture risk, especially in post-menopausal women.

Progressive neurological disorder affecting movement.

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common hormonal disorder in women of reproductive age, affecting 1 in 5 women in India. It is caused by elevated androgen (male hormone) levels that disrupt ovulation, leading to irregular or absent periods, fluid-filled ovarian cysts, and metabolic changes. PCOS is a leading cause of female infertility. Iswarya Hospital's Gynecology department provides comprehensive PCOS management including hormonal therapy, insulin sensitisers (Metformin), lifestyle intervention programmes, and fertility treatments (IUI, IVF) for women trying to conceive. Laparoscopic ovarian drilling is available for cases unresponsive to medication.

Common cancer in men, highly treatable when detected early.

Kidneys lose ability to filter waste. Dialysis and transplant available at Iswarya.

Medical emergency where the retina separates from the back of the eye.

A stroke occurs when blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted — either by a blocked artery (ischaemic stroke, 85% of cases) or a ruptured blood vessel (haemorrhagic stroke). Every minute without treatment causes approximately 2 million neurons to die. Use the FAST mnemonic: Face drooping, Arm weakness, Speech difficulty, Time to call emergency. Iswarya Hospital's Emergency Department on OMR provides 24×7 acute stroke care with CT imaging within 45 minutes and IV thrombolysis within the 4.5-hour golden window. A dedicated Neuro ICU ensures continuous monitoring and rapid neurosurgical backup.

Abnormal growth in or near the spinal cord, treated by our neurosurgery team.

Cancer of the thyroid gland, most types highly treatable.

Involuntary urine leakage affecting quality of life.

Non-cancerous growths in the uterus causing heavy bleeding.