Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a condition in which bones become thin, weak and more likely to break. Bone is living tissue that is constantly broken down and rebuilt. With age, and especially after menopause when oestrogen levels fall, bone is lost faster than it is replaced. Osteoporosis is often called a 'silent' disease because there are no symptoms until a bone breaks, sometimes after a minor fall or even a bend or cough. The wrist, hip and spine are commonly affected. Spinal fractures can cause back pain, loss of height and a stooped posture. Hip fractures in older adults are serious and usually need surgery and a long recovery. Both women and men can develop osteoporosis. Low vitamin D, low calcium intake and too little weight-bearing exercise add to the risk. Medicines, diet, exercise and fall prevention can strengthen bones and reduce the chance of fractures.
Symptoms of Osteoporosis
- Back pain
- Loss of height
- Stooped posture
- Fractures
Causes and risk factors of Osteoporosis
- Menopause and low oestrogen
- Older age and a family history of osteoporosis or hip fracture
- Low calcium and vitamin D
- Long-term steroid use and some other medicines
- Smoking, heavy alcohol use and low body weight
- Conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, overactive thyroid and coeliac disease
How Osteoporosis is diagnosed
- DEXA scan (bone mineral density test)
- X-ray of the spine if a fracture is suspected
- Blood tests for calcium, vitamin D, thyroid and kidney function
- Fracture risk assessment based on age and risk factors
When to see a doctor for Osteoporosis
For severe, sudden or rapidly worsening symptoms, do not wait for an appointment callback. Seek emergency care. For a routine concern, our care team can help you choose the appropriate specialist. This page cannot diagnose your symptoms.
Treatment for Osteoporosis at Iswarya Hospital
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Orthopedics specialists for Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis FAQs
Who should have a bone density test?
Women after menopause with risk factors, older adults, people who have broken a bone after a minor fall and those on long-term steroids are commonly advised to have one. Your doctor will decide based on your risk.
Is calcium enough to treat osteoporosis?
Calcium and vitamin D are important, but on their own they are often not enough for established osteoporosis. Your doctor may advise medicines that slow bone loss or help build bone; take supplements only as advised.
What exercise is good for my bones?
Weight-bearing activity such as walking and climbing stairs, along with muscle-strengthening and balance exercises, supports bone health. If you already have osteoporosis, ask a doctor or physiotherapist which movements are safe for you.
When should I see a doctor?
See a doctor if you break a bone after a minor fall, notice loss of height or a curving upper back, or have sudden back pain. Seek urgent care after a fall if you cannot stand or put weight on a leg.
Related guides
ℹ️ This information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment.
Plan your first visit
Not sure which specialist to see? Tell our care team the reason for your visit and we will help you choose.
- Bring previous prescriptions, relevant test reports or scan images, a medication list and photo ID.
- If you plan to use insurance, bring your policy details. OPD, tests and admission benefits depend on your individual plan and approval.
- Your first consultation determines which tests or treatments are needed; not everyone needs every test listed on this page.
Appointments are requests until confirmed. In a medical emergency, call 044 2025 2025 or go to the nearest emergency department.