Mastectomy
Mastectomy is surgery to remove an entire breast, usually for breast cancer. There are several types: total (simple) mastectomy (removes the breast only), modified radical mastectomy (removes breast and underarm lymph nodes), skin-sparing mastectomy (preserves the skin envelope for reconstruction), and nipple-sparing mastectomy (preserves the skin and nipple). Breast reconstruction — using implants or the patient's own tissue — can be performed at the same time or later. The tumour board at Iswarya Cancer Centre individually plans each patient's surgical approach.
🔬 How the Procedure Is Performed
- 1
General anaesthesia is administered.
- 2
An elliptical incision is made around the breast (or a smaller incision for skin-sparing types).
- 3
All breast tissue is removed from the overlying skin and underlying chest muscle.
- 4
Sentinel lymph node biopsy or full axillary clearance is performed if needed.
- 5
Drains are placed and the wound is closed.
- 6
Breast reconstruction may begin immediately in the same operation.
✅ Benefits of Mastectomy
- ✓Complete removal of breast cancer — definitive treatment
- ✓Eliminates the need for radiation in many cases when compared with lumpectomy
- ✓Preventive (prophylactic) mastectomy dramatically reduces cancer risk in BRCA gene carriers
- ✓Immediate reconstruction can provide excellent cosmetic outcomes
- ✓Reduces anxiety about cancer recurrence in high-risk patients
📋 How to Prepare
- Complete staging investigations: mammogram, ultrasound, MRI breast, CT chest/abdomen.
- Genetic testing (BRCA1/2) may be offered.
- Meet with a breast reconstruction surgeon to plan immediate reconstruction.
- Psychological support and meeting breast cancer nurse specialist.
- Physiotherapy instruction for post-operative arm exercises.
⚠️ Possible Risks & Side Effects
- Lymphoedema (arm swelling) if axillary lymph nodes are removed
- Wound infection or haematoma
- Numbness of the chest wall and arm skin
- Seroma (fluid collection under the skin) — may need aspiration
- Psychological impact of losing a breast — counselling and support are provided
Your surgeon will discuss all risks with you before the procedure and take appropriate precautions to minimise them.
💊 Post-Procedure Care
- Drain management at home — the drain is removed after a few days.
- Arm exercises to prevent stiffness and lymphoedema — start within 24 hours.
- Wear a well-fitting post-mastectomy bra or prosthesis once the wound heals.
- Review histology results at 2–3 weeks to plan adjuvant therapy.
- Long-term follow-up with the oncology team for 5–10 years.
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
Do I have to have a mastectomy, or can I have just the lump removed?
Many patients with early breast cancer are suitable for breast-conserving surgery (lumpectomy) followed by radiation therapy. Mastectomy is advised for larger tumours, multiple tumour sites, or patient preference. The decision is made with your breast surgeon and oncologist.
Can I have breast reconstruction after mastectomy?
Yes. Reconstruction can be immediate (at the time of mastectomy) or delayed. Options include implant-based reconstruction or flap surgery using your own tissue. Our plastic surgery team will advise the best option.
🏥 Mastectomy at Iswarya Hospital
Iswarya Cancer Centre provides comprehensive oncology support with radiation therapy using high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells while protecting surrounding healthy tissue.
ℹ️ This information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Individual treatment plans may vary. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any medical decisions.