Colonoscopy
A colonoscopy is a procedure in which a long, flexible, lighted tube (colonoscope) is inserted through the rectum to examine the entire lining of the colon (large intestine). It is the gold standard for detecting colorectal cancer, polyps, inflammatory bowel disease, and the cause of rectal bleeding or unexplained changes in bowel habits. Polyps discovered during the procedure can be removed immediately (polypectomy), potentially preventing them from becoming cancerous.
🔬 How the Procedure Is Performed
- 1
The patient is given IV sedation for comfort.
- 2
The colonoscope is gently inserted through the anus and advanced to the caecum (start of the colon).
- 3
The lining of the entire colon is carefully examined as the scope is slowly withdrawn.
- 4
Any polyps found are removed using a snare or cautery (polypectomy).
- 5
Biopsy samples are taken from any suspicious areas.
- 6
The scope is removed; the patient recovers in a monitoring bay for 30–60 minutes.
✅ Benefits of Colonoscopy
- ✓Gold standard for colorectal cancer screening and detection
- ✓Polyps can be removed in the same session — preventing cancer before it starts
- ✓Diagnoses inflammatory bowel disease, diverticulosis, and bowel infections
- ✓Investigates rectal bleeding and unexplained bowel symptoms
- ✓Day procedure with sedation — comfortable and well-tolerated
📋 How to Prepare
- A bowel preparation solution (laxative) must be taken the day before to completely clean the colon.
- Clear liquid diet for 24 hours before the procedure.
- Inform the doctor of all medications — iron and blood thinners may need to be adjusted.
- Arrange for a responsible adult to take you home after sedation.
- Follow all specific instructions provided — inadequate prep means the procedure may need to be repeated.
⚠️ Possible Risks & Side Effects
- Bowel perforation — very rare (1 in 1,000–2,000 procedures)
- Bleeding after polypectomy — usually minor and self-limiting
- Abdominal discomfort or bloating from gas used during the procedure
- Incomplete examination if the bowel preparation was inadequate
- Sedation-related risks
Your surgeon will discuss all risks with you before the procedure and take appropriate precautions to minimise them.
💊 Post-Procedure Care
- Rest for the remainder of the day due to sedation.
- Bloating and gas are normal for a few hours; walk around to help pass it.
- Resume a normal diet the same day unless told otherwise.
- If polyps were removed, avoid NSAIDs like ibuprofen for 1–2 weeks.
- Seek emergency care if you develop severe abdominal pain, heavy bleeding, or fever.
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
How often should I have a colonoscopy?
For average-risk individuals, every 10 years starting at age 45. If polyps are found or you have a family history of colorectal cancer, every 3–5 years.
Is colonoscopy painful?
Sedation is given, so most patients feel little or nothing during the procedure. Some report mild cramping or bloating as the scope passes around bends in the colon.
Can I eat before colonoscopy?
No. Clear liquids are permitted until 2–4 hours before, but no solid food for at least 24 hours. The bowel must be completely clean for a reliable examination.
🏥 Colonoscopy at Iswarya Hospital
Led by Prof. Dr. G. Manoharan, one of India's most distinguished Surgical Gastroenterologists and Liver Transplant Specialists, specializing in advanced surgeries for gastrointestinal, liver, pancreatic, and biliary disorders.
ℹ️ This information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Individual treatment plans may vary. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any medical decisions.